General Biology: Definitions and explanations page 10 PDF | Download eBooks
Learn general biology terms with definitions and explanations, biology terminologies (Page 10) for biology degree programs.
- What are Homoplasies?
A homoplasy is a character shared by a set of species but not present in their ... - What is Shared ancestral character?
Traits that have been inherited to species by their ancestors is known as shared ancestral traits. ... - What is Shared derived character?
A derived character is one that evolved in the lineage leading up to a clade and ... - What are Maximum likelihood?
Maximum likelihood, also called the maximum likelihood method, is the procedure of finding the value of ... - What is Paralogous genes?
Paralogs are homologous genes that have evolved by duplication and code for protein with similar, but ... - What are Orthologous genes?
Orthologs are genes that are related by vertical descent from a common ancestor and encode proteins ... - What is Molecular clock?
The molecular clock is figurative term for a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules ... - What is Horizontal gene transfer?
Horizontal gene transfer or lateral gene transfer is the movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or ... - What is Gram positive bacteria?
Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the gram stain test, which is ... - What is Gram negative bacteria?
Gram-negative bacteria are found everywhere, in virtually all environments on earth that support life. the gram-negative ... - What is Peptidoglycan?
Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms ... - What is Endospore?
The original cell produces a copy of its chromosome and surrounds that copy with a tough ... - What is Fimbriae?
In bacteriology, a fimbria is also referred to as an attachment pilus by some scientists, is ... - What is Pilli?
Pilli, like fimbriae are also hair like appendages present on some types of prokaryotic cells. these ... - What is Nucleoid?
The term nucleoid basically means nucleus-like. nucleoid is an irregularly shaped region within the cell of ... - What are Plasmids?
A plasmid is a small dna molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal ... - What is Transduction?
Transduction is the process by which foreign dna is introduced into a cell by a virus ... - What is Transformation?
Transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of ... - What is Conjugation?
Conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by ... - What are Obligate aerobes?
An obligate aerobe is an organism that requires oxygen to grow. through cellular respiration, these organisms ... - What are Obligate anaerobes?
Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms killed by normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen (20.95% o2). oxygen tolerance varies ... - What is Anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (o2). although oxygen is not ... - What are Facultative anaerobes?
A facultative anaerobe is an organism that makes atp by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, ... - What is Nitrogen fixation?
Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen in the air is converted into ammonia (nh3) ... - What are Biofilms?
A biofilm comprises any consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often ... - What are Extremophiles?
An extremophile is an organism that thrives in physically or geochemically extreme conditions that are detrimental ... - What are Extreme halophiles?
Halophiles are organisms that thrive in high salt concentrations. they are a type of extremophile organism. ... - What are Methanogens?
Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in hypoxic conditions. they are prokaryotic ... - What are Decomposers?
Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, and in doing so, they carry ... - What is Symbiosis?
Symbiosis is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, ... - What is Host?
Host is the usually the larger organism in the symbiosis and provides food and nourishment to ... - What is Symbiont?
An organism living in symbiosis with another which is usually smaller and lives on the body ... - What is Mutualism?
Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species benefits. mutualism is ... - What is Commensalism?
An example of commensalism is that more than 150 bacterial species live on the surface of ... - What is Parasitism?
Parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another ... - What are Pathogens?
A pathogen in a broad sense is anything that can produce disease. a pathogen may also ... - What are Exotoxins?
Endotoxins are responsible for many diseases. for example, cholera, a dangerous diarrheal disease, is caused by ... - What are Endotoxins?
In contrast to exotoxins, endotoxins are released only when the bacteria die and their cell walls ... - What is Bioremediation?
Bioremediation is a process used to treat contaminated media, including water, soil and subsurface material, by ... - What are Mixotrophs?
A mixotroph is an organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy and ... - What are Diatoms?
Diatoms are a major group of algae, specifically microalgae, found in the oceans, waterways and soils ... - What is Pseudopodia?
Pseudopodia is a temporary arm-like projection of a eukaryotic cell membrane. filled with cytoplasm, pseudopodia primarily ... - What are Producers?
Primary producer, is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) ... - What are Apical meristems?
Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated meristems in a plant. these differentiate into three kinds of ... - What is Cuticle?
Plant cuticles are protective, hydrophobic, waxy coverings produced by the epidermal cells of leaves, young shoots ... - What is Stomata?
Stomata is a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that facilitates ... - What is Vascular tissue?
Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in ... - What is Seed?
A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering. the formation of the ... - What are Angiosperms?
The flowering plants are also known as angiosperms. angiosperms are the most diverse group of land ... - What are Gymnosperms?
The gymnosperms, also known as acrogymnospermae, are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, ... - What is Peat?
Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter. it is unique to natural ... - What is Lignin?
Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form key structural materials in the support ... - What is Phloem?
In vascular plants, phloem is the living tissue that transports the soluble organic compounds made during ... - What is Tracheid?
Tracheids are elongated cells in the xylem of vascular plants that serve in the transport of ... - What are Microphylls?
A microphyll is also called a lycophyll, and is a type of plant leaf with one ... - What are Megaphylls?
Megaphylls are those kinds of plant leaves that have multiple veins within the leaf and leaf ... - What are Sporophylls?
A sporophyll is a leaf that bears sporangia. both microphylls and megaphylls can be sporophylls. sporophylls ... - What are Megaspores?
Megaspores, also called macrospores, are a type of spore that is present in heterosporous plants. these ... - What are Microspores?
Microspores are land plant spores that develop into male gametophytes. the male gametophyte gives rise to ... - What is Pollen grain?
Pollen is a fine to coarse powdery feeling substance that consists of pollen grains. these grains ...