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General Biology: Definitions and explanations page 12 PDF | Download eBooks

Learn general biology terms with definitions and explanations, biology terminologies (Page 12) for biology degree programs.


  1. What are Hominins?
    Hominins are any species of early human that is more closely related to humans than chimpanzees, ...
  2. What is Organ?
    Organ, in biology, a group of tissues in a living organism that have been adapted to ...
  3. What is Tissue?
    Tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ. a tissue is an ...
  4. What is Root system?
    The root system of a plant constantly provides the stems and leaves with water and dissolved ...
  5. What is Shoot system?
    The shoot system includes organs such as leaves, buds, stems, flowers, and fruits and usually it ...
  6. What is Root?
    In vascular plants, the root is the organ of a plant that typically lies below the ...
  7. What are Root hairs?
    A root hair, or absorbent hair, the rhizoid of a vascular plant, is a tubular outgrowth ...
  8. What is Stem?
    A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being ...
  9. What are Nodes?
    Nodes is simply the place on a plant stem where a leaf is attached. ...
  10. What is Apical bud?
    Plants that have apical buds usually have the tendency to grow just the terminal bud on ...
  11. What is Axillary bud?
    The axillary bud (or lateral bud) is an embryonic shoot located in the axil of a ...
  12. What is Leaf?
    In addition to intercepting light, leaves exchange gases with the atmosphere, dissipate heat, and defend themselves ...
  13. What are Veins?
    A vein is a vascular structure which comprises of xylem and phloem cells surrounded by the ...
  14. What is Dermal tissue system?
    The dermal tissue is the plants protective layer. like our skin, it forms the first line ...
  15. What is Periderm?
    Periderm is a secondary protective covering that forms on small woody stems and many non-woody plants, ...
  16. What is Xylem?
    Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, phloem being the ...
  17. What is Phloem?
    In vascular plants, phloem is the living tissue that transports the soluble organic compounds made during ...
  18. What is Stele?
    In a vascular plant, the stele is the central part of the root or stem containing ...
  19. What is Ground tissue system?
    The ground tissue of plants includes all tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular. it can ...
  20. What is Pith?
    Pith, or medulla, is a tissue in the stems of vascular plants. pith is composed of ...
  21. What is Plant cortex?
    A cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a plant, lying below ...
  22. What is Differentiation?
    Cellular differentiation is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another. usually, ...
  23. What is Indeterminate growth?
    Indeterminate growth is growth that is not terminated in contrast to determinate growth that stops once ...
  24. What are Meristems?
    A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones ...
  25. What is Determinate growth?
    Determinate growth, simply put, is the one that stops once a genetically pre-determined structure has completely ...
  26. What is Primary growth?
    In simple terms, primary growth is the increase in length of the shoot and the root ...
  27. What is Secondary growth?
    Secondary growth is the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems ...
  28. What is Vascular cambium?
    The vascular cambium is a plant tissue located between the xylem and the phloem in the ...
  29. What is Cork cambium?
    Cork cambium is a tissue found in many vascular plants as part of the epidermis. the ...
  30. What is Root cap?
    The root cap is a type of tissue at the tip of a plant root. it ...
  31. What is Pericycle?
    The pericycle is a cylinder of parenchyma or sclerenchyma cells that lies just inside the endodermis ...
  32. What is Leaf primordia?
    Leaf primordia are small cellular outgrowths, that develop into the leaves. these leaf primordia's occur in ...
  33. What is Apical dominance?
    Apical dominance is the phenomenon whereby the main and the thicker central stem of the plant ...
  34. What are Guard cells?
    Guard cells are specialized cells in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs that are ...
  35. What is Palisade mesophyll?
    Palisade cells are plant cells located on the leaves, right below the epidermis and cuticle. they ...
  36. What is Spongy mesophyll?
    A layer of cells in the interior of leaves, consisting of loosely arranged, irregularly shaped cells ...
  37. What are Vascular rays?
    Vascular rays are a radiate band of parenchyma in the secondary xylem extending into the secondary ...
  38. What is Dendrochronology?
    Dendrochronology is basically a tree-ring dating. it is the scientific method of dating tree rings, which ...
  39. What is Bark?
    Bark is the outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants. plants with bark include ...
  40. What is Bundle sheath?
    Bundle sheath cells is a layer of cells in plant leaves and stems that forms a ...
  41. What are Lenticels?
    A lenticel is a porous tissue consisting of cells with large intercellular spaces in the periderm ...
  42. What is Development?
    Living organisms undergo growth and development. every living organism begins life as a single cell. unicellular ...
  43. What are Preprophase bands?
    The preprophase band is a microtubule array found in plant cells that are about to undergo ...
  44. What is Asymmetrical cell division?
    A good example of asymmetric cell division is the formation of guard cells that typically involves ...
  45. What is Polarity?
    Polarity is a fundamental property of biological systems. polarity is defined as the persistent asymmetrical and ...
  46. What is Pattern formation?
    Pattern formation is the developmental process by which cells acquire different identities, depending on their relative ...
  47. What are Lineage based mechanisms?
    Many scientific findings suggested that cell fate was restricted early in development and that cells passed ...
  48. What is Phase change?
    The phase change in plants is the juvenile-to-adult transition in plants. this transition is distinct from ...
  49. What are Meristem identity genes?
    These genes confer floral identity on the peripheral zone cells that give rise to primordia, so ...
  50. What are Organ identity genes?
    A great deal of attention has focused on the genes that specify organ identity, leading to ...
  51. What is ABC hypothesis?
    The abc model, which aims to describe the biological basis of the process from the perspective ...
  52. What is Phyllotaxy?
    Phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on a plant stem. phyllotactic spirals form a distinctive class ...
  53. What is Self pruning?
    When a tree sheds a dead branch. this occurs in nature when a tree is in ...
  54. What is Leaf area index?
    Leaf area index (lai) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies. it is defined as ...
  55. What is Apoplast?
    Inside a plant, the apoplast is the space outside the plasma membrane within which material can ...
  56. What is Symplast?
    The symplast of a plant is the inner side of the plasma membrane in which water ...
  57. What is Apoplastic route?
    Inside a plant, the apoplast is the space outside the plasma membrane within which material can ...
  58. What is Symplastic route?
    The symplast of a plant is the inner side of the plasma membrane in which water ...
  59. What is Transmembrane route?
    The transmembrane route is a route where water and solutes use a combination of the apoplastic ...
  60. What is Osmosis?
    Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a ...