As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.

General Biology: Definitions and explanations page 13 PDF | Download eBooks

Learn general biology terms with definitions and explanations, biology terminologies (Page 13) for biology degree programs.


  1. What is Water potential?
    Water potential is the potential energy of water in a system compared to pure water, when ...
  2. What is Solute potential?
    Solute potential is also called osmotic potential because solutes affect the direction of osmosis. the solutes ...
  3. What is Pressure potential?
    Unlike ψs, ψp can be positive or negative relative to atmospheric pressure. for example, when a ...
  4. What is Protoplast?
    The protoplast comprises of the entire cell, excluding the cell wall. protoplasts can be generated by ...
  5. What is Turgor pressure?
    Turgor pressure is the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell ...
  6. What is Plasmolysis?
    Plasmolysis is the process in which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution and resulting int ...
  7. What is Turgid?
    Turgidity is observed in a cell where the cell membrane is pushed against the cell wall. ...
  8. What is Wilting?
    Wilting is the loss of rigidity of non-woody parts of plants and going limp. this occurs ...
  9. What are Aquaporins?
    Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins that serve as channels in the transfer of water, and in ...
  10. What is Bulk flow?
    Bulk flow is a special kind of movement of water and solutes in the plants. this ...
  11. What is Endodermis?
    The endodermis is the central, innermost layer of cortex in some land plants. it is made ...
  12. What is Casparian strip?
    The casparian strip is present in the plant cells. it is a band of cell wall ...
  13. What is Xylem sap?
    Xylem sap consists primarily of a watery solution of hormones, mineral elements and other nutrients. transport ...
  14. What is Transpiration?
    Transpiration is the process in which plants release the water which is present inside the plant, ...
  15. What is Root pressure?
    Root pressure is the transverse osmotic pressure within the cells of a root system that causes ...
  16. What is Guttation?
    Guttation is the exudation of drops of xylem sap on the tips or edges of leaves ...
  17. What is Cohesion tension hypothesis?
    Cohesion tension hypothesis explains the ascent of water from roots to leaves in a plant as ...
  18. What are Circadian rhythms?
    A circadian rhythm is a natural, internal process that regulates internal cycles of organisms and repeats ...
  19. What is Abscisic acid (ABA)?
    Abscisic acid (aba) is a plant hormone. aba functions in many plant developmental processes, including seed ...
  20. What are Xerophytes?
    A xerophyte is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with ...
  21. What is Translocation?
    Translocation is the movement of materials from leaves to other tissues throughout the plant. plants produce ...
  22. What is Phloem sap?
    Phloem sap in plants consists primarily of sugars, hormones, and mineral elements dissolved in water. it ...
  23. What is Sugar source?
    Sugars, which are formed by the plant during photosynthesis, are an essential component of plant nutrition. ...
  24. What is Sugar sink?
    Sinks are areas in need of nutrients, such as growing tissues. when they are low in ...
  25. What is Self thinning?
    The self-thinning rule describes plant mortality because of competition in crowded even-aged stands. this is basically ...
  26. What are Symplastic domains?
    Symplastic domains in plants are defined by spatial limitations on cell-to-cell communication through plasmodesmata (pds) and ...
  27. What are Viral movement proteins?
    A movement protein is a non-structural protein which is encoded by some plant viruses to allow ...
  28. What is Humus?
    Humus denominates the fraction of soil organic matter that is amorphous and without the "cellular cake ...
  29. What is Topsoil?
    Topsoil is the upper, outermost layer of soil, usually the top 5to 10 inches. it has ...
  30. What are Soil horizons?
    A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface, whose physical, chemical and biological ...
  31. What is Loams?
    Loam is soil composed mostly of sand, silt, and a smaller amount of clay. by weight, ...
  32. What is Cation exchange?
    Cation exchange capacity is the total capacity of a soil to hold exchangeable cations. it is ...
  33. What is Sustainable agriculture?
    Sustainable agriculture is farming in sustainable ways which ensures meeting society's food and textile needs in ...
  34. What are Aquifers?
    An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials. groundwater ...
  35. What is Land subsidence?
    Subsidence is the sudden sinking or gradual downward settling of the ground's surface with little or ...
  36. What is Soil salinization?
    Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil. the process of increasing the salt content ...
  37. What is Drip irrigation?
    Drip irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and ...
  38. What is No-till agriculture?
    No-till farming is a way of growing crops or pasture from year to year without disturbing ...
  39. What is Phytoremediation?
    Phytoremediation refers to the technologies that use living plants to clean up soil, air, and water ...
  40. What is Essential element?
    The elements that are required for plants to complete their lifecycle are called essential elements. plants ...
  41. What is Hydroponic culture?
    Hydroponics is a method of growing plants in a water based, nutrient rich solution. hydroponics does ...
  42. What are Macronutrients?
    Consumed in relatively large amounts (grams or ounces), macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water) are used primarily ...
  43. What are Micronutrients?
    Micronutrients are essential elements required by organisms in small quantities throughout life to orchestrate a range ...
  44. What are Endophytes?
    An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for ...
  45. What is Nitrogen cycle?
    The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms ...
  46. What is Nitrogen fixation?
    Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen in the air is converted into ammonia (nh3) ...
  47. What are Nodules?
    Many leguminous plants contain symbiotic bacteria called rhizobia within the nodules, producing nitrogen compounds that help ...
  48. What is Bacteroid?
    The outer host-cell derived symbiosome membrane encloses a space called the symbisome space or the peribacteroid ...
  49. What is Crop rotation?
    Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops ...
  50. What is Arbuscular mycorrhizae?
    An arbuscular mycorrhiza is a type of mycorrhiza in which the symbiont fungus penetrates the cortical ...
  51. What is Epiphyte?
    Epiphytes produce and gather their own nutrients; they do not tap into their hosts for sustenance. ...
  52. What are Parasitic plants?
    Many species of these parasitic plants have roots that function as haustoria, nutrient-absorbing projections that tap ...
  53. What are Carnivorous plants?
    These carnivorous plants live in acid bogs and other habitats where soils are poor in nitrogen ...
  54. What is Imbibition?
    Imbibition is a special type of diffusion when water is absorbed by solids-colloids causing an enormous ...
  55. What is Simple fruit?
    A fruit that develops from a single ovary in a single flower. simple fruits may be ...
  56. What is Aggregate fruit?
    An aggregate fruit or etaerio is a fruit that develops from the merger of several ovaries ...
  57. What is Multiple fruit?
    Multiple fruits, also called collective fruits, are fruiting bodies formed from a cluster of fruiting flowers, ...
  58. What is Accessory fruit?
    An accessory fruit is a fruit in which some of the flesh is derived not from ...
  59. What is Asexual reproduction?
    Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and ...
  60. What is Fragmentation?
    Fragmentation of plants is also known as splitting. it is a method of reproduction is seen ...