General Biology: Definitions and explanations page 3 PDF | Download eBooks
Learn general biology terms with definitions and explanations, biology terminologies (Page 3) for biology degree programs.
- What is Nuclear membrane?
Nuclear pores are small openings on the membrane of the nucleus which allows the entering of ... - What is Nucleolus?
The nucleolus is the largest structure which is present inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. it ... - What is Endoplasmic reticulum?
The endoplasmic reticulum is an important organelle found in eukaryotic cells. this structure is absent in ... - What is Golgi apparatus?
The golgi apparatus is also called a golgi complex or golgi body. this structure is similar ... - What is Lysosome?
Lysosomes are special organelles that are surrounded by a membrane and maintain an acidic environment within ... - What is Mitochondrion?
Mitochondria are also called the powerhouse of the cell. it is the site where respiration takes ... - What is Peroxisome?
Peroxisomes are cytoplasmic organelles that have an important role in catabolic reaction. these organelles contain enzymes ... - What is Vacuole?
Vacuoles are closed sacs and are made of membranes. vacuoles have several kind of organic and ... - What is Chloroplast?
Just like the mitochondria in the animal cells the chloroplast function as the power house in ... - What is Plasmodesmata?
Much like the cell junctions in the animal cells, plasmodesmata in the plant cells help them ... - What is Cell wall?
A cell wall is a structural layer which surrounds certain types of cells including plant cells. ... - What are Glycoproteins?
Glycoproteins have important functions in the body. most of the secretory proteins are glycoproteins. the carbohydrate ... - What are Transport vesicles?
These vesicles are actually is a large structure within a cell that are enclosed by a ... - What is Phagocytosis?
Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large ... - What is Endosymbiont theory?
This theory basically describes how a large host cell and ingested bacteria could easily become dependent ... - What is Cristae?
Cristae is basically the folding of the membrane of mitochondria. the cristae gives the inner membrane ... - What is Mitochondrial matrix?
The matrix of mitochondria is more viscous than the cell's cytoplasm as it contains less water ... - What are Thylakoids?
A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and also many photosynthetic bacteria such as cyanobacteria. ... - What is Grana?
A typical chloroplast can have anywhere from 10 to 100 grana. it is the primary site ... - What is Plastid?
Plastids is the generic name given to specialized organelles that present in plants and have the ... - What is Pseudopodia?
A pseudopod is a temporary arm-like projection of a cell membrane of usually eukaryotes. this projection ... - What is Extracellular matrix (ECM).?
The extracellular matrix (ecm) is a three-dimensional network of extracellular macromolecules. many molecules are present in ... - What are Tight junctions?
Tight junctions basically have the function of binding adjacent epithelial cells in a narrow band just ... - What are Desmosomes?
Desmosomes are intercellular junctions that provide strong adhesion between cells. these junctions link adjacent cells through ... - What are Gap junctions?
Gap junctions are a specialized intercellular connection between a multitude of animal cell-types. they directly connect ... - What is Amphipathic?
The phospholipid is a classical example of an amphipathic molecule that has both the regions. they ... - What is Diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of ... - What is Concentration gradient?
A concentration gradient occurs where the concentration of any particles changes over a certain distance. for ... - What is Passive transport?
Passive transport is a movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes ... - What is Isotonic?
Any body that has the same osmotic pressure as the other body. there will be no ... - What is Hypotonic?
Any body that has higher osmotic pressure as the other body. there will be net movement ... - What is Hypertonic?
Hypertonic refers to a solution with higher osmotic pressure than another solution. in other words, a ... - What is Turgid?
When plants are kept in a hypotonic environment, the water content inside the cells will be ... - What is Flaccid?
When a plant cell in an isotonic solution, the plasma membrane is not pressed tightly against ... - What is Plasmolysis?
When the cells are present in a hypertonic environment, they shrink as the water moves out ... - What is Active transport?
Many proteins facilitate this process as it cannot happen on its own. the movement of molecules ... - What is Membrane potential?
In all types of cells there is an electrical potential difference between the inside of the ... - What is Proton pump?
A proton pump is an integral membrane protein that helps the movement of protons inside or ... - What is Exocytosis?
Exocytosis is a form of active transport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules ... - What are Ligands?
A ligand is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom ... - What is Metabolism?
Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. the three main purposes of metabolism ... - What are Catabolic pathways?
Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are ... - What are Anabolic pathways?
Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units. these reactions require ... - What are Thermodynamics?
Thermodynamics deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy. in particular, it describes ... - What is Entropy?
Entropy is the measure of a system's thermal energy per unit temperature. this energy is used ... - What is Activation energy?
The activation energy is the energy that is required to start a reaction. this energy must ... - What is Active site?
The active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a ... - What is Cofactor?
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's ... - What is Allosteric regulation?
Allosteric regulation is basically the regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a ... - What is Exergonic reaction?
An exergonic reaction is a chemical reaction where the change in the free energy is negative. ... - What is Endergonic?
An endergonic reaction is a chemical reaction in which the standard change in free energy is ... - What is Fermentation?
This process has different definitions in biochemistry and biological terms. here fermentation is being referred to ... - What is Aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration is the process that produces cellular energy by using oxygen. cells break down food ... - What is Redox Reaction: Oxidation?
When a specie gains protons or oxygen atoms its said to have oxidizing properties. in other ... - What is Reduction?
Reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in the oxidation state of an atom ... - What is Reducing agent?
The agent is itself being oxidized is called the reducing agent. a reducing agent is typically ... - What is Oxidizing agent?
The agent that is itself being reduced is called the oxidizing agent. so in any redox ... - What is Electron transport chain?
An electron transport chain is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to ... - What is ATP synthase?
The atp synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme that is present in the inner membrane. it has ... - What is Chemiosmosis?
Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient and the ...