General Biology: Definitions and explanations page 4 PDF | Download eBooks
Learn general biology terms with definitions and explanations, biology terminologies (Page 4) for biology degree programs.
- What are Facultative anaerobes?
A facultative anaerobe is an organism that makes atp by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, ... - What is Photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that takes place inside a plant, producing food for the plant ... - What are Autotrophs?
An autotroph or primary producer, is an organism that produces complex organic compounds from simple substances ... - What are Heterotrophs?
A heterotroph is an organism that cannot manufacture its own food by carbon fixation and therefore ... - What is Mesophyll?
The mesophyll is a soft spongy material located between the upper and lower epidermal surfaces, and ... - What is Stomata?
Stomata are tiny openings or pores in plant tissue that allow for gas exchange. stomata are ... - What is Stroma?
The stroma refers to the colorless fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast. within the stroma ... - What is Chlorophyll?
The green photosynthetic pigment that is required for the process of photosynthesis. present usually in plants ... - What is Wavelength?
A wavelength is a measure of distance between two identical peaks or crests which are high ... - What is Electromagnetic spectrum?
The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and ... - What is Visible light?
Visible light forms a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. the visible spectrum is the portion ... - What are Photons?
A photon is a type of elementary particle which is basically the force carrier for the ... - What is Spectrophotometer?
The spectrophotometer is an optical instrument for measuring the intensity of light relative to wavelength. electromagnetic ... - What is Absorption spectrum?
Absorption spectrum is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation transmitted through a substance, showing dark lines or ... - What is Photorespiration?
Photorespiration is also known as the oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle, or c2 photosynthesis, and it refers ... - What are C4 plants?
A c4 plant is a plant that cycles carbon dioxide into four-carbon sugar compounds to enter ... - What are CAM plants?
Cam plants have evolved to reduce photorespiration. cam is basically a carbon fixation pathway that evolved ... - What is Photosystem?
Photosystems are functional and structural units of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis. there are two photosystems ... - What are Hormones?
Hormones are distinct chemical messengers in the body that are formed in the endocrine glands and ... - What is G protein?
G proteins are also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. they beolong to a family of proteins ... - What are Receptor tyrosine kinases?
Receptor tyrosine kinases are a group of proteins that are the high-affinity cell surface receptors for ... - What is Ligand gated ion channel?
Ligand-gated ion channels are a group of vital proteins on the cell that are also usually ... - What is Protein phosphatase?
A phosphatase is an enzyme that removes a phosphate group from a protein which changes its ... - What are Scaffolding proteins?
Scaffold proteins are important regulators of many important signaling pathways. these proteins also clasp proteins in ... - What is Apoptosis?
Apoptosis is a type of planned death of the cell that occurs in multicellular organisms. several ... - What is Cell division?
Cell division is the separation of a normal cell that leads to the production of two ... - What is Genome?
A genome is the entire genetic information of an organism. every copy of the cell has ... - What is Cell cycle?
The cell cycle is a four-stage process. during this entire stage the cell grows and separates ... - What is Chromatin?
Chromatin the packaging unit of dna. dna is a long molecule and it would be impossible ... - What are Somatic cells?
All the cells in the body are termed somatic cells with the exclusion of the reproduction ... - What is Chromosomes?
The chromosomes are basically structures that hold the genetic material. the dna molecule is neatly packaged ... - What are Gametes?
Gametes are reproductive cells that join together to make a zygote or a fertilized egg. the ... - What are Sister chromatids?
A sister chromatid refers to the similar copies formed by the dna replication of a chromosome. ... - What are Cohesins?
Cohesin is a protein complex that connects two sister chromatids together. cohesins hold sister chromatids together ... - What is Centromere?
The centromere is the specialized dna sequence of a chromosome that links the dyads or the ... - What is Mitosis?
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new ... - What is Cytokinesis?
Cytokinesis is the physical process of cell division in which the cytoplasm of a parental cell ... - What is Mitotic phase?
The m phase or mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are ... - What is Mitotic spindle?
The mitotic spindle is the macromolecular structure that has an important function during mitosis. the major ... - What is Aster?
An aster is a cellular structure shaped like a star, comprising of a centrosome and its ... - What is Kinetochore?
A kinetochore is a disc-shaped protein structure linked with replicated chromatids in eukaryotic cells. it is ... - What is Metaphase plate?
Metaphase plate is not a physical structure but rather an imaginary edifice. it is named so ... - What is Cleavage?
The division of the cytoplasm happens through cleavage. much like the embryonic cleavage, the cell cleave ... - What is Cyclin?
Cyclin is a family of proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle ... - What is Checkpoint?
A checkpoint is one of several points in the eukaryotic cell cycle at which the progression ... - What is G0 phase?
The g0 phase is a period in the cell cycle in which cells exist in a ... - What is Density-dependent inhibition?
When the dividing and growing cells run out of space sometimes and they face a kind ... - What is Growth factor?
Growth factors are important for regulating a variety of cellular processes foe example the thyroid hormones ... - What is Transformation?
Transformation is the genetic change of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of ... - What is Benign tumor?
A benign tumor is not a malignant tumor which is basically the harmful one and leads ... - What is Malignant tumor?
A term for diseases in which abbhorent cells divide without control and can invade close by ... - What is Metastasis?
Metastasis is the spread of cancerous and abnormal cells from the main site to a different ... - What are Genetics?
Genetics is the study of heredity or inheritance of traits. heredity is a biological process where ... - What is Locus?
A specific location of a gene along the length of a chromosome is called its locus. ... - What is Sexual reproduction?
A kind of reproduction that involves the fusion of gametes and production of a daughter cell ... - What is Clone?
Clones are genetically duplicate or identical organisms made by cloning of parents. cloning is the process ... - What is Karyotype?
A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. ... - What are Homologs?
Homologs is another name for homologous chromosomes. it is a pair of chromosomes having the same ... - What are Sex chromosomes?
Sex chromosomes are those that determine the sex of an individual. for example a female inherits ... - What are Autosomes?
All the chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes are called the autosomes. the dna in autosomes ...