General Biology: Definitions and explanations page 6 PDF | Download eBooks
Learn general biology terms with definitions and explanations, biology terminologies (Page 6) for biology degree programs.
- What is Polyploidy?
Polyploidy is the state of a cell or organism having more than two paired sets of ... - What is Chromosomal deletion?
Chromosomal deletion refers to a mishap in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence ... - What is Duplication?
Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or gene amplification) is a major mechanism through which new genetic ... - What is Inversion?
An inversion is a chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed end ... - What is Translocation?
Chromosome translocation basically is a phenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of chromosomes or an arrangement ... - What is Down syndrome?
Down syndrome is an example of a trisomic disorder. down syndrome is the trisomy of chromosome ... - What is Klinefelter syndrome?
Klinefelter syndrome is a trisomal disorder in which the person has 3 sex chromosomes instead of ... - What is Turner syndrome?
A monosomic disorder in which the female receives only one copy of the x chromosome. turner ... - What is Cri du chat syndrome?
Cri du chat syndrome is a chromosomal disorder in which there is a deletion of the ... - What is Philadelphia chromosome?
The philadelphia chromosome or philadelphia translocation (ph) is a specific genetic abnormality in chromosome 22 of ... - What is Genomic imprinting?
Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon that causes genes to be expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner ... - What are Cytoplasmic genes?
Not all the genes are present in the nucleus. some of the genes are present outside ... - What is Lebers Hereditary Optic Neuropathy?
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (lhon) or leber hereditary optic atrophy is a mitochondrially inherited disorder which ... - What is Mitochondrial myopathy?
A group of neuromuscular diseases caused by damage to the mitochondria that are the main energy-producing ... - What is Transformation?
A cell is said to have been transformed when a foreign dna incorporates itself in the ... - What is Bacteriophage?
Virus not only attack the animal or human cells but they can also attack bacteria. for ... - What is Virus?
Virus are small particles composed of genetic material which is either dna or rna and is ... - What is Semiconservative model?
Semiconservative replication describes the mechanism of dna replication in all known cells. it derives its name ... - What is Origins of replication?
Origin of replication is by definition, the area where replication starts. in bacteria there is usually ... - What is Replication fork?
Replication fork is a characteristic feature of replication of dna. the replication fork is actually the ... - What is Helicase?
Several enzymes participate in the dna replication process including helicase. these are one of the important ... - What are Single strand binding proteins?
Single-stranded binding proteins are a class of proteins that have been found in organisms ranging from ... - What is Topoisomerase?
Many important enzymes participate in dna replication including topoisomerases. these are the enzymes that participate in ... - What is RNA primer?
The dna replication cannot just begin on its own on the template strand. one of the ... - What is Primase?
Primase is the enzyme that synthesis the primer. the dna replication cannot just begin on its ... - What is DNA polymerase?
Dna polymerase is an enzyme that has the important function of synthesizing dna molecules from deoxyribonucleotides ... - What is Leading strand?
Dna replication happens on both the strands meaning that both strands serve as templates for the ... - What is Lagging strand?
Dna replication happens on both the strands meaning that both strands serve as templates for the ... - What is Okazaki fragment?
Dna replication happens on both the strands meaning that both strands serve as templates for the ... - What is DNA ligase?
A ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining of two large molecules by forming ... - What is DNA polymerase III?
There are three types of polymerase which having overlapping functions however dna polymerase iii has the ... - What is DNA polymerase I?
There are three types of polymerase which having overlapping functions. dna polymerase i has several functions ... - What is Mismatch repair?
Mismatch repair means repairing the dna where the nucleotide pairs have been mismatched. this kind of ... - What are Mutations?
Any kind of permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence of the dna is called a mutation. ... - What is Nuclease?
A dna cutting enzyme is named nuclease. many different types of nuclease are present that severe ... - What is DNA excision repair?
Sometimes dna gets damaged due to certain chemicals or radiations like the uv rays or any ... - What are Thymine dimers?
Pyrimidine dimers are molecular lesions formed from thymine or cytosine bases in dna via photochemical reactions. ... - What are Telomers?
Telomeres are the caps at the end of each strand of dna that protect our chromosomes, ... - What is Histone?
Histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. these are not usually seen in ... - What is Nucleosome?
A nucleosome is a basic unit of dna packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of ... - What is Linker DNA?
The dna that links the nucleosome beads together is called the linker dna. linker dna is ... - What is Heterochromatin?
Heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of dna or condensed dna, which comes in multiple varieties. ... - What is Euchromatin?
Euchromatin is a lightly packed form of chromatin that is enriched in genes, and is often ... - What is Transcription?
Transcription is the first step in gene expression and involves transcribing a gene's dna sequence to ... - What is mRNA?
Messenger rna is a large family of rna molecules that convey genetic information from dna to ... - What is Translation?
Translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or er synthesize proteins after the ... - What are Ribosomes?
Ribosomes are important organelles found in almost all living cells. the ribosome is a complex molecular ... - What is Primary transcript?
The initial transcript made by transcription is called as the primary transcript. it is still in ... - What is Central dogma?
The central dogma of life is basically a concept that states that all the information flows ... - What is Triplet code?
The standard version of the genetic code, in which a sequence of three nucleotides on a ... - What is Template strand?
Template strand is the strand that actually acts as a template for the production of a ... - What is Reading frame?
A reading frame is a way of dividing the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid ... - What is RNA polymerase?
Rna polymerase is an enzyme that produces rna and catalyzes the initiation and elongation of rna ... - What is Promoter?
A promoter is a sequence that is present in the start of a gene sequences or ... - What is Terminator?
Terminator is a section of nucleic acid sequence that marks the end of a gene or ... - What is Transcription unit?
Sequence of nucleotides in dna that codes for a single rna molecule, along with the sequences ... - What is Transcription factor?
A transcription factor is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from ... - What is Transcription initiation complex?
Transcription factors can bind to specific dna sequences called enhancer and promoter sequences in order to ... - What is TATA box?
A tata box is a dna sequence that indicates where a genetic sequence can be read ... - What is Poly A tail?
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(a) tail to a messenger rna. the poly(a) tail consists ...