General Biology: Definitions and explanations page 7 PDF | Download eBooks
Learn general biology terms with definitions and explanations, biology terminologies (Page 7) for biology degree programs.
- What is RNA splicing?
Rna splicing is a process that removes the intervening, non-coding sequences of genes, which are also ... - What are Introns?
The non coding regions on an mrna transcript are called the introns. they do not code ... - What are Exons?
An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final ... - What is Spliceosome?
A spliceosome is a large and complex molecular machine found primarily within the nucleus of eukaryotic ... - What are Ribozymes?
A ribozyme is a ribonucleic acid or an rna enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction. the ... - What is Alternative RNA splicing?
Alternative splicing, or differential splicing, is a regulated process during gene expression that results in a ... - What are Protein domains?
A protein domain is a conserved part of a given protein sequence and (tertiary) structure that ... - What is Exon shuffling?
Exon shuffling is a distinct molecular mechanism for the formation of new genes. it is a ... - What is tRNA?
Transfer ribonucleic acid (trna) is a type of rna molecule that helps decode a messenger rna ... - What is Codon?
The triplicate code that is present on the mrna strand is called as codons. this code ... - What is Anticodon?
The anticodon region of a transfer rna is a sequence of three bases that are complementary ... - What are Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?
An aminoacyl-trna synthetase, also called trna-ligase, is an enzyme that attaches the appropriate amino acid onto ... - What is Wobble?
A wobble base pair is a pairing between two nucleotides in rna molecules that does not ... - What is Post translational modification?
After translation of a peptide, certain amino acids may be chemically modified by the attachment of ... - What is Signal peptide?
A signal peptide is a short peptide present at the n-terminus of the majority of newly ... - What is Signal-recognition particle (SRP)?
The signal recognition particle is an abundant, cytosolic, universally conserved ribonucleoprotein that recognizes and targets specific ... - What are Polyribosomes?
A polyribosome is a complex of an mrna molecule and two or more ribosomes that act ... - What is Translation?
Translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or er synthesize proteins after the ... - What are Point mutations?
A point mutation is a mutation that only affects a single nucleotide of nucleic acid. point ... - What is Nucleotide-pair substitution?
The replacement of a specific nucleotide pair by a different pair, often mutagenic. this is a ... - What is Silent mutation?
Silent mutations are mutations in dna that do not have an observable effect on the organism's ... - What are Missense mutations?
Missense mutation refers to a change in one amino acid in a protein, arising from a ... - What is Non sense mutation?
A point-nonsense mutation is a point mutation in a sequence of dna that results in a ... - What are Insertions?
An insertion (also called an insertion mutation) is the addition of one or more nucleotide base ... - What are Deletions?
A deletion (also called gene deletion, deficiency, or deletion mutation) is a mutation or a genetic ... - What is Frameshift mutation?
A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by indels of a number of nucleotides in ... - What are Mutagens?
Any physical or chemical agents that have the ability to alter the dna structure are known ... - What is Feedback inhibition?
Feedback inhibition is the phenomenon where the output of a process is used as an input ... - What is Operon?
An operon is a functioning unit of dna containing a cluster of genes under the control ... - What is Operator?
Operator genes contain the code necessary to begin the process of transcribing the dna message of ... - What is Repressor?
The repressor proteins work with the operons. the main function of it is to bind to ... - What are Regulatory genes?
A regulator gene or a regulator is a gene that is involved in controlling the expression ... - What is Corepressor?
A corepressor is a small molecule or a protein that inhibits the expression of genes with ... - What are Inducible enzymes?
An adaptive enzyme or inducible enzyme is an enzyme that is expressed only under conditions in ... - What are Repressible enzymes?
An enzyme that is produced continuously unless production is repressed by excess of an inhibitor. repressible ... - What is Activator?
Activator is a dna-binding protein that regulates one or more genes by increasing the rate of ... - What is Differential gene expression?
Differential gene expression is the expression of only those genes that are needed in the cell. ... - What is Epigenetic inheritance?
Epigenetic inheritance is a remarkable discovery and it goes against the idea that inheritance happens only ... - What are Control elements?
Control element is basically a generic term for a region of dna, such as a promoter ... - What are Enhancers?
An enhancer is a short (50-1500 bp) region of dna that can be bound by proteins, ... - What is miRNA?
A microrna is a small non-coding rna molecule found in plants, animals and some viruses, that ... - What is siRNA?
Sirna, which stands for small interfering ribonucleic acid, is a class of double-stranded rna molecules. it ... - What is piRNA?
Piwi-interacting rna (pirna) is the largest class of small non-coding rna molecules that are expressed in ... - What is Cell differentiation?
Cellular differentiation is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another. usually, ... - What is Morphogenesis?
Morphogenesis is the biological process that causes an organism to develop its shape. it is one ... - What are Cytoplasmic determinants?
Cytoplasmic determinants are special molecules or proteins that are present in the cell and play a ... - What are Tissue specific proteins?
Tissue-specific gene expression can result in the presence or absence of certain protein interactions and complexes, ... - What is Pattern formation?
Pattern formation refers to the generation of complex organizations of the fate in space and time. ... - What is Maternal effect gene?
A maternal gene effect is a phenomenon where the phenotype of an organism is determined by ... - What are Oncogenes?
Oncogenes are those genes that have a primary role in causing cancer. most normal cells undergo ... - What are Proto oncogenes?
Proto-oncogene is actually a normal gene which, when altered by mutation, becomes an oncogene that can ... - What are Tumor suppressor genes?
A tumor suppressor gene, which is also called an antioncogene, is a gene that protects a ... - What is Ras protein?
Ras is a family of related proteins which is expressed in all animal cell lineages and ... - What is p53 gene?
P53 is an example of a tumor suppressor gene that encode a specific transcription factor that ... - What is Positional information?
A widely used mechanism for pattern formation in many animals, is based on positional information. cells ... - What is Capsid?
A capsid is the protein shell of a virus. it consists of several oligomeric structural subunits ... - What is Viral envelope?
Viral envelopes are not present on all viruses. some viruses which include hiv and many other ... - What is Host range?
Host range is all the organisms of the hosts that a virus can infect. the host ... - What is Lytic cycle?
Lytic cycle is a type of life cycle of viruses in the host. the lytic cycle ... - What is Virulent phage?
A bacteriophage that causes the destruction of the host bacterium by lysis is a virulent phage. ...