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Microbiology: Definitions and explanations page 4 PDF | Download eBooks

Learn microbiology terms with definitions and explanations, microbiology terminologies (Page 4) for science degree programs.


  1. What is Bacteroid?
    Bacteroid is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, which is irregularly shaped. these bacteria are present in root nodules ...
  2. What are Baculoviruses?
    Baculoviruses are those pathogens, which attack or infect insects or some other arthropods. they are usually ...
  3. What are Baeocytes?
    Baeocyte is a small reproductive cell, which is spherical in shape. these were previously known endospores ...
  4. What is Barotolerant?
    Barotolerant are those organisms that can tolerate high pressures. they do not necessarily require these high ...
  5. What is Basal Body?
    Basal bodies is an extremely conserved organelle of a cell that was discovered around 100 years ...
  6. What are Base Analogues?
    Base analogs are those molecules that have a structure similar to one of the nitrogenous bases ...
  7. What are Basic Dyes?
    Basic dyes are cationic and react with negatively charged materials. these dyes are available in synthetic ...
  8. What is Basidiocarp?
    Basidiocarp, also known as basidioma or basidiome, is the basidiomycete's fruiting body that consists of basidia. ...
  9. What are Basidiomycetes?
    Basidiomycetes are an impressive group of fungi as they illustrate remarkable adjustment skills to survive in ...
  10. What is Basidiospore?
    Basidiospores are reproductive spores that are produced by basidiomycetes fungi. these fungi are a grouping, which ...
  11. What is Basidium?
    Basidium is a structure (microscopic sporangium) that is present on fruiting bodies hymenophore. these are also ...
  12. What is Basophil?
    Basophils are those white blood cells that are found in many tissues in the body, although ...
  13. What is B Cell (B Lymphocyte)?
    B cells or b-lymphocytes are a type of wbcs. they have a role in humoral immunity ...
  14. What is B-Cell Receptor (BCR)?
    The b-cell receptor is made of immunoglobulin molecules, which form a transmembrane receptor protein situated on ...
  15. What is Benthic?
    Benthic habitat or benthic itself as a term means anything linked with or present on the ...
  16. What is Β-Lactam?
    β-lactams come under the category of antibiotics whose molecular structure consist of β-lactam ring. these antibiotics ...
  17. What is Β-Lactam Ring?
    The β-lactam ring consists of three carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. this structure has an ...
  18. What is Β-Lactamase?
    β-lactamase is an enzyme that is produced by bacteria to inactivate the β-lactam ring in the ...
  19. What is Β-Oxidation Pathway?
    Acute infections are those infections, which start immediately without showing symptoms only for a shorter period ...
  20. What is Binal Symmetry?
    Binal symmetry is a type of complex symmetry that is present in some viruses such as ...
  21. What is Binary Fission?
    Binary fission allows organisms to reproduce asexually. this type of reproduction is most common in bacteria ...
  22. What is Binomial System?
    Binomial system includes the binomial nomenclature, also known as binary nomenclature, which is a formal system ...
  23. What is Bioaugmentation?
    Bioaugmentation or biological augmentation is the process in which bacterial cultures or archaea are added to ...
  24. What is Biocatalysis?
    Biocatalysis is used to refer the use of biological enzymes or microorganisms to speed up or ...
  25. What is Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)?
    Biochemical oxygen demand, also known as biological oxygen demand, is the total oxygen that is dissolved ...
  26. What are Biochemical Pathways?
    Biochemical pathways are a series of chemical reaction that are taking place in a cell. the ...
  27. What is Biocide?
    Biocides are microorganisms or chemical substances that intend to destroy or exert an effect on any ...
  28. What is Biocrime?
    Biocrime is same as the assault crime, however, there is not use or knife or gun ...
  29. What is Biodegradation?
    Biodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microbes. this term is mostly used in reference ...
  30. What are Biofuels?
    Biofuels are that fuels that are manufactured by microorganisms. these are produced by biological organisms unlike ...
  31. What is Biogeochemical Cycling?
    Biogeochemical cycle is a pathway in which chemical substances are cycled through biotic and abiotic compartments ...
  32. What are Bioinformatics?
    Bioinformatics is a combination of computer science, mathematics, biology, statistics and information engineering to interpret and ...
  33. What is Bioinsecticide?
    Biological insecticides are the toxins produced by living organisms or are living organisms themselves. the examples ...
  34. What is Biologic Transmission?
    Biological transmission is a type of transmission in which the pathogen's reproduction takes place with a ...
  35. What are Biological Safety Cabinets?
    Biosafety cabinets, also known as microbiological safety cabinet or biological safety cabinet, are ventilated laboratory workspaces, ...
  36. What is Bioluminescence?
    Bioluminescence is the emission and production of light by living organisms. this is a type of ...
  37. What is Biomagnification?
    Bio magnification or biological magnification/bio amplification is the increase of concentration of a substance or a ...
  38. What is Biopesticide?
    Biopesticides are those pesticides that have been derived from natural materials such as bacteria, animals, plants ...
  39. What is Bioprospecting?
    Bioprospecting is the process of commercialization and discovery of new products that is based on biological ...
  40. What is Bioremediation?
    Bioremediation is a process that is used to treat the contaminated water, media, subsurface material and ...
  41. What is Biosensor?
    Biosensors are analytical devices that are used to detect a chemical substance, which combines a biological ...
  42. What is Biotechnology?
    Biotechnology is the area of biology that involves organisms and living organisms to make or develop ...
  43. What is Bioterrorism?
    Bioterrorism is the deliberate use of microorganisms to cause death or ill effects to the targeted ...
  44. What is Biotransformation (Microbial Transformation)?
    Biotransformation is a term that is used to describe a process in which the organic compounds ...
  45. What is Biovar?
    A biovar is a type of prokaryotic strain that is distinct in the biochemical composition and ...
  46. What is Blast (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)?
    Blast (basic local alignment search tool) is an algorithm that is used for comparing the primary ...
  47. What are Blastospores?
    Blastospores, also known as blastoconidia, are asexual fungal spores that are produced by the process of ...
  48. What is Bloom?
    Bloom, also known as algal bloom, is the rapid upsurge in the population of phytoplankton algae ...
  49. What is Bt?
    Bt is an insecticide that is produced by a bacterium named as bacillus thuringiensis (bt) which ...
  50. What is Bubo?
    Bubo is an inflammation or adenitis of the lymph nodes and is a type of reactive ...
  51. What is Budding?
    Budding is an asexual reproduction, which causes development of a new organism from a bud or ...
  52. What is Bulking Sludge?
    Sludge bulking takes place when in the sedimentation tanks sludge fails to separate out. the growth ...
  53. What is Butanediol Fermentation?
    Butanediol fermentation or 2,3-butanediol fermentation is anaerobic fermentation of glucose with 2,3-butanediol as the end product. ...
  54. What is Calvin Cycle?
    Calvin cycle is a three key steps process and includes reactions in photosynthesis, which are light ...
  55. What is Cancer?
    Cancer, also known as malignancy, is the growth of cells in an abnormal fashion. until now ...
  56. What is Capsid?
    Capsids are protein shells of viruses. these shells are made up of protomers. protomers are oligomeric ...
  57. What is Capsomer?
    Capsomeres are the subunits of capsids. capsids are the outer covering made of proteins that provides ...
  58. What is Carbonate Equilibrium System?
    The carbonate equilibrium system is a system in which there is exchange of c03 z-, c02 ...
  59. What is Carbon To Nitrogen Ratio?
    Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in a substance is a ratio of carbon mass to nitrogen mass. it can ...
  60. What are Carboxysomes?
    Carboxysomes, intracellular organelles, are made up of proteinaceous shell that encapsulates ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) and enzyme ...